How to make Line Follower Robot car using Arduino Nano, L298N and IR sensor

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How to Make Line Follower Robot using Arduino Nano, L298N and IR Sensor

INTRODUCTION

In this project, we will learn how to make a Line Follower Robot using Arduino Nano, L298N motor driver, and IR sensors.

This robot automatically follows a black line path and is one of the best beginner projects in robotics and Arduino programming.

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

Watch full working of Line Follower Robot:

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Item Image	Item Name	Quantity	Buy
	Arduino Nano	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	L298N Motor Driver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	IR Sensor Module	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	DC Motors	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	Wheels	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	Battery Pack (18650)	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	Jumper Wires	As Required	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

TOOLS REQUIRED

Image	Tool Name	Quantity	Buy
	Screwdriver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	Wire Cutter	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

APPS AND ONLINE SERVICES

Image	App Name	Access
	Arduino IDE	{getButton} $text={Download} $icon={download} $color={#007bff}

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Refer below image for wiring:

WIRING CONNECTIONS

Arduino Nano ↔ IR Sensors

Sensor	Connection
Left Sensor	A0
Right Sensor	A1
VCC	5V
GND	GND

Arduino Nano ↔ L298N

L298N	Arduino Nano
IN1	Pin 4
IN2	Pin 5
IN3	Pin 6
IN4	Pin 7
ENA	Pin 3
ENB	Pin 9

ARDUINO CODE

#define in1 4 #define in2 5 #define in3 6 #define in4 7 #define enA 3 #define enB 9 int M1_Speed = 80; int M2_Speed = 80; int LeftRotationSpeed = 250; int RightRotationSpeed = 250; void setup() { pinMode(in1,OUTPUT); pinMode(in2,OUTPUT); pinMode(in3,OUTPUT); pinMode(in4,OUTPUT); pinMode(enA,OUTPUT); pinMode(enB,OUTPUT); pinMode(A1, INPUT); pinMode(A0, INPUT); } void loop() { int LEFT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A0); int RIGHT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A1); if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) forward(); else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) right(); else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) left(); else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) Stop(); } void forward(){ digitalWrite(in1,HIGH); digitalWrite(in2,LOW); digitalWrite(in3,HIGH); digitalWrite(in4,LOW); analogWrite(enA,M1_Speed); analogWrite(enB,M2_Speed); } void right(){ digitalWrite(in1,LOW); digitalWrite(in2,HIGH); digitalWrite(in3,HIGH); digitalWrite(in4,LOW); analogWrite(enA,LeftRotationSpeed); analogWrite(enB,RightRotationSpeed); } void left(){ digitalWrite(in1,HIGH); digitalWrite(in2,LOW); digitalWrite(in3,LOW); digitalWrite(in4,HIGH); analogWrite(enA,LeftRotationSpeed); analogWrite(enB,RightRotationSpeed); } void Stop(){ digitalWrite(in1,LOW); digitalWrite(in2,LOW); digitalWrite(in3,LOW); digitalWrite(in4,LOW); }

WORKING PRINCIPLE

IR sensors detect the line and send signals to Arduino Nano. Based on the sensor values, Arduino controls the motors using L298N driver to follow the path.

TIPS

• Adjust IR sensor sensitivity
• Use black tape for path
• Tune speed values for better performance

CONCLUSION

This project helps beginners understand sensors, motor drivers, and automation using Arduino Nano.