How to Make Obstacle Avoiding Robot Car using Arduino Nano, L298N Motor Driver, Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor

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INTRODUCTION

In this project, we will build an Obstacle Avoiding Robot using Arduino Nano, L298N motor driver, ultrasonic sensor, and a servo motor.

This robot can automatically detect obstacles and change its direction, making it a smart autonomous robot project for beginners.

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

Watch full making video of Obstacle Avoiding Robot:

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Item Name	Quantity	Buy
Arduino Nano	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
L298N Motor Driver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Servo Motor (SG90)	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
DC Motors	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Wheels	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Battery Pack	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

TOOLS REQUIRED

Image	Tool Name	Quantity	Buy
	Screwdriver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
	Wire Cutter	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

APPS AND ONLINE SERVICES

Image	App Name	Access
	Arduino IDE	{getButton} $text={Download} $icon={download} $color={#007bff}

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Add your circuit image here

WIRING CONNECTIONS

Arduino Nano ↔ L298N

L298N	Arduino Nano
IN1	Pin 5
IN2	Pin 4
IN3	Pin 7
IN4	Pin 6
ENA	Pin 3
ENB	Pin 9

Ultrasonic Sensor

Sensor	Arduino
Trig	A4
Echo	A6

Servo Motor

Servo	Arduino
Signal	Pin 10
VCC	5V
GND	GND

ARDUINO CODE

//code written by DIY Burner
//if you have any quries then you can contact me on my facebook pagr- ( fb page id- DIY burner)
//starting of the code

#define in1 4
#define in2 5
#define in3 6
#define in4 7
#define enA 3
#define enB 9

int M1_Speed = 80; // speed of motor 1 
 int M2_Speed = 80; // speed of motor 2
 int LeftRotationSpeed = 250;  // Left Rotation Speed
 int RightRotationSpeed = 250; // Right Rotation Speed

void setup() {
  
  pinMode(in1,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in2,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in3,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in4,OUTPUT);
  
    pinMode(enA,OUTPUT);
    pinMode(enB,OUTPUT);

pinMode(A1, INPUT); // initialize Left sensor as an input
      pinMode(A0, INPUT); // initialize Right sensor as an input

}

void loop() {

int LEFT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A0);
  int RIGHT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A1);
  
if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) {
    forward(); //FORWARD
}

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) {
    right(); //Move Right
 }

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) {
    left(); //Move Left
}

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) {
    Stop();  //STOP
 }
}

void forward()
{
            digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
            
                analogWrite(enA, M1_Speed);
                analogWrite(enB, M2_Speed);
}
 
void backward()
{
            digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);
            
                analogWrite(enA, M1_Speed);
                analogWrite(enB, M2_Speed);
}
 
void right()
{
            digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
            
                analogWrite(enA, LeftRotationSpeed);
                analogWrite(enB, RightRotationSpeed);
}
 
void left()
{
            digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);
            
                analogWrite(enA, LeftRotationSpeed);
                analogWrite(enB, RightRotationSpeed);
}
 
void Stop()
{
            digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
            digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
}

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles. The servo motor rotates to scan left and right. Based on distance, Arduino decides direction and controls motors using L298N.

TIPS

Keep sensor height correct
Use stable power supply
Adjust delay timing

CONCLUSION

This project is a great step into autonomous robotics and smart navigation systems.

License Key