How to Make WiFi Controlled Robot Car using ESP8266 and L298N Motor Driver

{getToc} $title={Table of Contents}

INTRODUCTION

In this project, we will build a WiFi Controlled Robot Car using ESP8266, L298N motor driver, and DC motors.

This robot can be controlled using a mobile browser through WiFi, without using any external app.

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

Watch full working of WiFi Robot Car:

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Item Name	Quantity	Buy
ESP8266 (NodeMCU)	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
L298N Motor Driver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
BO Motors	4	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Wheels	4	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
18650 Battery Holder	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
18650 Batteries	2	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Jumper Wires	As Required	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Switch	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Now} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

TOOLS REQUIRED

Tool	Qty	Buy
Screwdriver	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Wire Cutter	1	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}
Glue Gun	Optional	{getButton} $text={Buy Tool} $icon={cart} $color={#007bff}

APPS AND ONLINE SERVICES

App	Access
Arduino IDE	{getButton} $text={Download} $icon={download} $color={#007bff}

WIRING CONNECTIONS

ESP8266 ↔ L298N

L298N	ESP8266
IN1	D1
IN2	D2
IN3	D3
IN4	D4
ENA	D5
ENB	D6

Power

Component	Connection
Battery	L298N Power Input
ESP8266	Powered via Vin or 5V

ARDUINO CODE

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>

ESP8266WebServer server(80);

// Motor pins
#define IN1 D1
#define IN2 D2
#define IN3 D3
#define IN4 D4
#define ENA D5
#define ENB D6

int speedVal = 800;   // Default speed (0–1023)

void setup() {
  pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);

WiFi.softAP("Robot_Car", "12345678");

server.on("/", handleRoot);
  server.on("/move", handleMove);
  server.on("/speed", handleSpeed);

server.begin();

stopMotor();
  analogWrite(ENA, speedVal);
  analogWrite(ENB, speedVal);
}

void loop() {
  server.handleClient();
}

// ================= WEB PAGE =================
void handleRoot() {
  String html = R"rawliteral(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
body {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  background: #f2f4f7;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.container {
  max-width: 360px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 20px;
}

h2 {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.btn {
  width: 100px;
  height: 55px;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 6px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #4a6fa5;
  color: white;
}

.btn:active {
  background: #395a85;
}

.stop {
  background: #d9534f;
}

.stop:active {
  background: #b52b27;
}

.speed-box {
  margin-top: 20px;
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 15px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

input[type=range] {
  width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div class="container">
  <h2>Wi-Fi Robot Controller</h2>

<button class="btn"
    onmousedown="cmd('F')" onmouseup="cmd('S')"
    ontouchstart="cmd('F')" ontouchend="cmd('S')">
    Forward
  </button><br>

<button class="btn"
    onmousedown="cmd('L')" onmouseup="cmd('S')"
    ontouchstart="cmd('L')" ontouchend="cmd('S')">
    Left
  </button>

<button class="btn"
    onmousedown="cmd('R')" onmouseup="cmd('S')"
    ontouchstart="cmd('R')" ontouchend="cmd('S')">
    Right
  </button><br>

<button class="btn"
    onmousedown="cmd('B')" onmouseup="cmd('S')"
    ontouchstart="cmd('B')" ontouchend="cmd('S')">
    Backward
  </button>

<div class="speed-box">
    <p>Speed Control</p>
    <input type="range" min="0" max="1023" value="800"
           onchange="setSpeed(this.value)">
  </div>
</div>

server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}

// ================= CONTROL HANDLERS =================
void handleMove() {
  String dir = server.arg("dir");

if (dir == "F") forward();
  else if (dir == "B") backward();
  else if (dir == "L") left();
  else if (dir == "R") right();
  else stopMotor();

server.send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
}

void handleSpeed() {
  speedVal = server.arg("val").toInt();
  analogWrite(ENA, speedVal);
  analogWrite(ENB, speedVal);
  server.send(200, "text/plain", "Speed Set");
}

// ================= MOTOR FUNCTIONS =================
void forward() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
}

void backward() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW); digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
}

void left() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW); digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
}

void right() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
}

void stopMotor() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
}

WORKING PRINCIPLE

ESP8266 creates a WiFi hotspot and hosts a web page. The user controls the robot using buttons on the webpage. Commands are sent to ESP8266 which controls motors via L298N.

TIPS

Connect to WiFi: Robot_Car
Password: 12345678
Use stable battery

CONCLUSION

This project introduces IoT-based robot control using ESP8266.

License Key

How to Make WiFi Controlled Robot Car using ESP8266 and L298N Motor Driver

INTRODUCTION

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

TOOLS REQUIRED

APPS AND ONLINE SERVICES

WIRING CONNECTIONS

ESP8266 ↔ L298N

Power

ARDUINO CODE

WORKING PRINCIPLE

TIPS

CONCLUSION

How to Make a Line Follower Robot Car with Arduino UNO, L298N Motor Driver and IR Sensor

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